3. Operating Costs (before depreciation, amortisation and gain on disposal of assets)
| 2020 | 2019 |
| €’000 | €’000 |
Employee costs (note 7) | 149,795 | 145,467 |
Other personnel-related costs (including contractors) | 22,954 | 30,317 |
Personnel-Related Operating Costs | 172,749 | 175,784 |
Direct commissioned programme costs | 34,319 | 40,727 |
Direct acquired programme costs | 27,723 | 27,427 |
Sports and other copyrights | 12,768 | 21,391 |
Outside broadcast contracts | 3,755 | 5,945 |
Communication circuits | 2,318 | 3,162 |
RTÉ Guide printing and related costs | 992 | 1,199 |
Network electricity | 1,945 | 2,346 |
Music licences | 7,368 | 8,131 |
Insurance policies | 1,692 | 1,722 |
Staff travel and subsistence | 1,745 | 2,874 |
Other third-party costs | 40,317 | 47,065 |
Non-Personnel-Related Operating Costs before depreciation and amortisation | 134,942 | 161,989 |
Total Operating Costs (before depreciation and amortisation and exceptional items) | 307,691 | 337,773 |