Pope Francis has washed and kissed the feet of refugees, including three Muslim men, and condemned arms makers as partly responsible for Islamist militant attacks that killed at least 31 people in Brussels.
He made his comments at a traditional pre-Easter ritual.
This year 11 of the 12 people whose feet he washed and kissed were refugees.
The ceremony commemorates Jesus' gesture of humility towards his apostles on the night before he died.
"All of us together, Muslims, Hindus, Catholics, Copts, Evangelicals, but brothers, children of the same God, who want to live in peace, integrated," he said in unscripted comments at a shelter north of Rome that houses refugees seeking political asylum.
"Three days ago, there was a gesture of war, of destruction, in a city of Europe by people who don't want to live in peace," he said.
"Behind that gesture there were arms manufacturers, arms traffickers, who want blood, not peace, who want war, not brotherhood," he said.
In a reference to the Brussels attackers, Francis condemned "those poor creatures who buy weapons in order to destroy brotherhood," comparing them to Judas Iscariot, the apostle who the Bible says betrayed Jesus for 30 pieces of silver.
Before Francis became pope, the ceremony was held in St Peter's or another Rome basilica and only included Catholic men, usually priests.
But after his election in 2013, he continued the tradition he started as archbishop of Buenos Aires, enabling women and non-Catholics to participate.
Catholic conservatives have criticised him for breaking with tradition.
The refugees came from Mali, Nigeria, Eritrea, India, Syria and Pakistan.
