Aid agencies have accused five of the countries hit by the Asian tsunami of failing to provide housing, relief supplies and work for all the victims.
A report says officials in India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Thailand and the Maldives are putting business interests ahead of human rights.
It says many people in the affected countries had faced social discrimination as land was grabbed and communities pushed aside in favour of commercial redevelopment.
The study of more than 50,000 people in the five countries found that in many places survivors had been driven from their land, and had been denied food, clean water and a secure home.
It said compensation programs had ignored the needs of vulnerable groups including women, farm labourers and migrant workers.
Last month the UN Special Envoy for Tsunami Recovery, Bill Clinton, pledged to continue leading UN efforts to rebuild communities devastated by the giant killer waves, notably in the Indonesian province of Aceh and in Sri Lanka.
Tsunamis triggered by a 9.3-magnitude earthquake off the Indonesian island of Sumatra on 26 December 2004 killed an estimated 220,000 people in 11 Indian Ocean countries.
