3. Operating Costs (before depreciation, amortisation and gain on disposal of assets)
| 2021 | 2020 |
| €’000 | €’000 |
Employee costs (note 6) | 149,761 | 149,795 |
Other personnel-related costs (including contractors) | 27,295 | 22,954 |
Personnel-Related Operating Costs | 177,056 | 172,749 |
Direct commissioned programme costs | 40,851 | 34,319 |
Direct acquired programme costs | 24,624 | 27,723 |
Sports and other copyrights | 25,163 | 12,768 |
Outside broadcast contracts | 4,412 | 3,755 |
Communication circuits | 2,447 | 2,318 |
RTÉ Guide printing and related costs | 981 | 992 |
General Energy including Network electricity | 4,185 | 3,542 |
Music licences | 7,952 | 7,368 |
Insurance policies | 1,840 | 1,692 |
Staff travel and subsistence | 1,868 | 1,745 |
Other third-party costs | 39,966 | 38,720 |
Non-Personnel-Related Operating Costs before depreciation and amortisation | 154,289 | 134,942 |
Total Operating Costs (before depreciation and amortisation and exceptional items) | 331,345 | 307,691 |