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A.I. aces Texas Hold'Em tournament

More than 120,000 hands were played
More than 120,000 hands were played

Artificial intelligence software has beaten four of the world's best poker players, in another significant advance for the technology.

Libratus made history by beating the professionals during a 20 day competition at a casino in Pittsburgh.

The program was developed by researchers at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) and was designed to excel at Heads-Up, No-Limit Texas Hold'Em poker.

More than 120,000 hands were played during the marathon "Brains Vs. Artificial Intelligence: Upping the Ante" tournament.

At the end of play, Libratus had $1,766,250 in chips more than all four of its opponents.

According to those at CMU who were responsible for designing the software, the implications and potential uses are much wider than just games.

"The best AI's ability to do strategic reasoning with imperfect information has now surpassed that of the best humans," said Tuomas Sandholm, professor of computer science at CMU in a statement.

The pot of $200,000 will be split between the four players, Dong Kim, Jimmy Chou, Daniel McAulay and Jason Les, according to how well they did in the tournament.

Mr McAulay, who is a Scot, said playing the software was harder than he had expected.

The software was hosted on the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center's supercomputer Bridges, and was adjusted after each day's play to optimise its performance.

The AI was able to figure out what holes the pros had exploited during the previous day's play, and patch over them ahead of the next round.

Head's-Up No-Limit Texas Hold'em is considered the ultimate test of AI, as it is an exceedingly complex game.

There are ten (to the power of 160) (the number one followed by 160 zeroes) information sets - each set being characterised by the path of play in the hand as perceived by the player whose turn it is - more information sets than the number of atoms in the universe.

According to CMU, the software had to make decisions without knowing all of the cards in play, while trying to figure out when its opponent was bluffing.