A planned drawdown of 5,000 US troops from Germany should spur Europe to strengthen its own defences, German Defence Minister Boris Pistorius has said, but two top US Republicans expressed concern, saying the troops should not leave Europe.
The Pentagon announced the drawdown from Germany, its largest European base, yesterday, as a rift over the Iran war and tariff tensions place further strain on relations between the US and Europe.
As part of the US decision, a Biden-era plan to deploy a US battalion with long-range Tomahawk missiles to Germany has also been dropped - a blow to Berlin, which had pushed for the move as a powerful deterrent against Russia.
Republican Senator Roger Wicker and Representative Mike Rogers, the chairs of the Senate and House armed services committees, said they were "very concerned." They said the troops should not be moved from Europe, but moved east.
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"Prematurely reducing America's forward presence in Europe before those capabilities are fully realised risks undermining deterrence and sending the wrong signal to (Russian President) Vladimir Putin," they said in a joint statement.
Mr Pistorius said the partial withdrawal was expected and would affect a current US presence of almost 40,000 soldiers stationed in Germany.
"We Europeans must take on more responsibility for our own security," Mr Pistorius said, adding, "Germany is on the right track" by expanding its armed forces, speeding up military procurement and building infrastructure.
US President Donald Trump called for a reduced military presence in Germany as far back as his first term and has repeatedly urged Europe to take responsibility for its defence.
However, he stepped up the threat earlier this week after sparring with German Chancellor Friedrich Merz, who has questioned Washington's exit strategy in the Middle East.
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The Pentagon said the troop withdrawal was expected to be completed over the next six to 12 months. It did not say which bases would be affected, nor whether the troops would return to the US or be redeployed within Europe or elsewhere.
A NATO spokesperson said the alliance was working with the US to understand the details of the decision.
Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk, whose country is seeking assurances of continued US support on NATO's eastern flank amid the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war, also expressed concern about the latest setback to the alliance.
"The greatest threat to the transatlantic community are not its external enemies, but the ongoing disintegration of our alliance. We must all do what it takes to reverse this disastrous trend," Mr Tusk wrote on social media.
The greatest threat to the transatlantic community are not its external enemies, but the ongoing disintegration of our alliance. We must all do what it takes to reverse this disastrous trend.
— Donald Tusk (@donaldtusk) May 2, 2026
The Pentagon's plans were the latest blow to Germany from Washington this weekend, after Mr Trump said he would ratchet up tariffs on EU auto imports to 25%, accusing the EU of not upholding a trade deal - in a move that threatens to cost the German economy billions.
A foreign policy official from Chancellor Merz's CDU party said the two announcements should be viewed in light of pressure on Mr Trump both at home and abroad, amid weak opinion polling and pressure over unresolved conflicts in Ukraine, Venezuela and Iran.
"Against this backdrop, both the troop withdrawal and the trade policy seem less like the expression of a coherent strategy and more like a political reflex and a reaction born of frustration," Peter Beyer told Reuters.
NATO members have pledged to take on more responsibility for their own defence but with tight budgets and vast gaps in military capability it will take years for the region to meet its own security needs.
Germany wants to boost the number of active-duty Bundeswehr soldiers from a current 185,000 to 260,000, though critics of the defence minister have called for more in response to a widely perceived growing threat from Russia.
The US military presence in Germany, which began as an occupation force after World War Two, peaked during the 1960s when hundreds of thousands of American military personnel were stationed there to counter the Soviet Union during the Cold War.
Trump says 'probably' when asked if he might pull US troops out of Italy, Spain
The presence includes the giant Ramstein airbase and Landstuhl hospital, both of which have been used by the US to support its war in Iran, as well as previous conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan.
The Pentagon decision means one full brigade will leave Germany and a long-range fires battalion that was due to be deployed later this year will be cancelled.
The long-range fires had been due to form a significant extra element of deterrence against Russia while Europeans developed such long-range missiles themselves.
The US "holds a factual monopoly inside NATO" on long-range fires, Christian Moelling, director of European defence think tank EDINA, wrote on X.
"That is why this is operationally more serious than the troop number."
On Thursday, Mr Trump said he may pull US troops from Italy and Spain due to their opposition to the war, telling reporters in the Oval Office: "Italy has not been of any help to us and Spain has been horrible, absolutely horrible."
"Yeah, probably, I probably will. Why shouldn't I?" Mr Trump said.
As of 31 December 2025, there were 12,662 active-duty US troops in Italy and 3,814 in Spain. In Germany, there were 36,436.
The EU said on Thursday that the deployment of US troops in Europe was in Washington's interest, and that the US was "a vital partner in contributing to Europe's security and defence".
Meanwhile, Mr Trump took aim at Mr Merz again, telling him to focus on ending the Ukraine war instead of "interfering" on Iran.
European powers have been on alert since Russia invaded Ukraine in 2022, and a spate of drone incursions in the last year - as well as US promises to move away from defending the continent - have pushed the issue to the top of the agenda.
Mr Merz has made national security a priority, announcing unprecedented investments in an army that has been underfunded and under-equipped for decades.
He has also reaffirmed support for Ukraine, for whom Germany has been the second-largest individual supplier of aid after the US.
