Sydney police deployed pepper spray and scuffled with protesters as a rally against a visit to Australia by Israel's President Isaac Herzog turned violent.
Mr Herzog's tightly secured, four-day visit was aimed at consoling Australia's Jewish community in the wake of the December shooting at Sydney's Bondi Beach that killed 15 people at a Hanukkah festival.
But he was met with protests in Australia's two largest cities, with a Sydney rally turning violent as police hit protesters and members of the media, including AFP, with pepper spray.
An AFP journalist said they saw at least 15 protesters being arrested and scuffling with police.
Crowds also gathered in the centre of Melbourne demanding an end to Israel's "occupation" of the Palestinian territories.
Prime Minister Anthony Albanese had urged people to be respectful of the reason for Mr Herzog's visit, saying he would join the president to meet with the families of those killed at Bondi Beach.
The New South Wales state government invoked new powers giving police greater powers to control demonstrations.
And an attempt by protesters to overturn those powers in the state's Supreme Court failed just before the rally began, local media said.
Earlier, the Israeli head of state paid homage to the victims under rain and grey skies as he laid a wreath outside the beachside Bondi Pavilion.
"The bonds between good people of all faiths and all nations will continue to hold strong in the face of terror, violence and hatred," he said.
"We shall overcome this evil together."
Mr Herzog said he laid two stones from Jerusalem at Bondi Beach "in sacred memory of the victims".
He welcomed "positive steps" by the Australian government to fight anti-Semitism, with the introduction of tougher gun and hate crime laws since the attack.
The Israeli president also told reporters that he shared people's frustrations about a rise in anti-Semitism all over the world.
Among the victims of the Bondi Beach shooting were an 87-year-old Holocaust survivor, a couple who confronted one of the gunmen, and ten-year-old Matilda, who was described at her funeral as a "ray of sunshine".
Alleged Bondi Beach gunman Sajid Akram, 50, was shot and killed by police during the attack. An Indian national, he entered Australia on a visa in 1998.
His 24-year-old son Naveed, an Australian-born citizen who remains in prison, has been charged with terrorism and 15 murders.
Many Jewish Australians have welcomed Mr Herzog's trip.
"His visit will lift the spirits of a pained community," said Alex Ryvchin, co-chief executive of the Executive Council of Australian Jewry, the community's peak body.
But some in the community disagreed, with the progressive Jewish Council of Australia saying he was not welcome because of his alleged role in the "ongoing destruction of Gaza".
The UN's Independent International Commission of Inquiry found last year that Mr Herzog was liable for prosecution for inciting genocide after he said all Palestinians - "an entire nation" - were responsible for the Hamas attack on Israel.
Israel has "categorically" rejected the inquiry's report, describing it as "distorted and false" and calling for the body's abolition.
The Israeli head of state said he has "come here in good will".
He accused protesters of seeking to "undermine and delegitimise" Israel's right to exist.
