NATO leaders have backed a big increase in defence spending and restated their commitment to defend each other from attack after a brief summit tailor-made for US President Donald Trump.
In a short statement, the organisation endorsed a higher defence spending goal of 5% of GDP by 2035 - a response to a demand by Mr Trump and to Europeans' fears that Russia poses a growing threat to their security following the 2022 invasion of Ukraine.
"We reaffirm our ironclad commitment to collective defence as enshrined in Article 5 of the Washington Treaty - that an attack on one is an attack on all," the statement said, after Mr Trump had sparked concern yesterday by saying there were "numerous definitions" of the clause.
But just before the summit opened, he had said of fellow NATO members: "We're with them all the way."
However, Mr Trump said that the US will make Spain pay twice as much for a trade deal after the country refused to meet the new NATO defense spending target.
While NATO leaders backed a big increase in defense spending, Spain declared that it does not need to meet the goal and can meet its commitments by spending much less.
Mr Trump called Spain's decision "very terrible" and vowed to force the country to make up the difference.
"We're negotiating with Spain on a trade deal. We're going to make them pay twice as much," Mr Trump said.
As a member of the European Union, Spain does not negotiate directly with the US on trade - the European Commission handles those talks for the entire 27-nation bloc.
Mr Trump may have a hard time following through on his threat to punish Spain through a trade pact unless he gets language on the issue into a broader EU agreement.
Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez said Spain is always the solution and "never the problem", adding that it will defend its position with conviction.
"We're talking about the fact that if we had accepted what was proposed, Spain would have had to allocate more than €300 billion between now and 2035.
"Where do these resources come from? From more taxes on citizens? From cuts to the education system, healthcare, and pensions?" he said.
NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte acknowledged that it was not easy for European countries and Canada to find the extra money, but said it was vital to do so.
"There is absolute conviction with my colleagues at the table that, given this threat from the Russians, given the international security situation, there is no alternative," the former Dutch prime minister told reporters in his home city of The Hague.
The new spending target - to be achieved over the next ten years - is a jump worth hundreds of billions of dollars a year from the current goal of 2% of GDP, although it will be measured differently.
Countries would spend 3.5% of GDP on core defence - such as troops and weapons - and 1.5% on broader defence-related measures such as cyber security, protecting pipelines and adapting roads and bridges to handle heavy military vehicles.
All NATO members have backed a statement enshrining the target, although Spain declared it does not need to meet the goal and can meet its commitments by spending much less.
Mr Rutte disputes that but accepted a diplomatic fudge with Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez as part of his efforts to give Mr Trump a diplomatic victory and make the summit go smoothly.
Spain said that it did not expect its stance to have any repercussions.
Mr Rutte has kept the summit and its final statement short and focused on the spending pledge to try to avert any friction with Mr Trump.
Watch: Mark Rutte says 'daddy has to sometimes use strong language' in reference to Donald Trump
Mr Rutte also likened Mr Trump to a "daddy" intervening in a schoolyard brawl after the US president used profanity when describing the war between Israel and Iran.
In comments to the press during the summit, Mr Trump had compared fighting between Iran and Israel to children quarrelling.
"They've had a big fight, like two kids in a schoolyard," Mr Rutte said, adding "let them fight for about two to three minutes, then it's easy to stop them".
The NATO chief added: "And then daddy has to sometimes use strong language to get (them to) stop."
Following the ceasefire deal between Iran and Israel, Mr Trump said the countries had been fighting "so long and so hard that they don't know what the f*** they're doing."
Trump says US to hold talks with Iran after US 'victory'
US President Donald Trump hailed the swift end to war between Iran and Israel and said the US would likely seek a commitment from Tehran to end its nuclear ambitions at talks with Iranian officials next week.
Mr Trump said his decision to join Israel's attacks by targeting Iranian nuclear sites with huge bunker-busting bombs had ended the war, calling it "a victory for everybody".
"It was very severe. It was obliteration," he said, shrugging off an initial assessment by the US Defense Intelligence Agency that Iran's path to building a nuclear weapon may have been set back only by months.
He said he did not see Iran getting involved again in developing nuclear weapons.
Iran has always denied decades of accusations by Western leaders that it is seeking nuclear arms.
"We're going to talk to them next week, with Iran. We may sign an agreement. I don't know. To me, I don't think it's that necessary," Mr Trump said.
Read more: What does NATO's 5% spending deal really mean?
Meanwhile, Mr Trump indicated that he will consider providing more of the Patriot missiles that Ukraine needs to defend against mounting Russian strikes, adding that Russian President Vladimir Putin "really has to end that war".
His remarks came after a 50-minute meeting with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky on the sidelines of a NATO summit in The Hague.
Both leaders described it as a positive step in a conflict that Mr Trump described as "more difficult than other wars".
During a press conference in which he celebrated his own diplomatic efforts in the Middle East, Mr Trump said the Patriots were "very hard to get" but that "we are going to see if we can make some of them available".
Mr Zelensky mentioned air-defence systems but it was not immediately clear whether Trump was referring to more missiles or complete batteries.
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