US journalist Evan Gershkovich and Irish citizen Paul Whelan have been released from Russia, the Turkish government has announced, in one of the biggest East-West prisoner swaps since the Cold War.
A total of 26 people, including two minors, from the United States, Germany, Poland, Slovenia, Norway, Belarus and Russia were involved in the swap "carried out" by Turkey's MIT intelligence service, Turkey's presidency said.
Mr Whelan, who holds an Irish passport and is a former US marine, has been detained in Russia since 2018.
In a statement, Mr Whelan's family thanked all of those who had a part to play in release.
"Paul Whelan is free... While we did our best, as amateurs with limited resources, we do not believe Paul would be free today without the expert help we received behind the scenes.
"It is important to recognise the representatives of the Canadian, British, and Irish governments as well. Each Embassy has provided Paul with consular support—visits, coordination of materials for his survival, disbursement of prisoner funds, delivery of mail and hope.
"Visits by Ambassadors and other senior representatives of the Canadian, UK, and Irish governments meant that Paul, and the Kremlin, knew support for his freedom was broad and constant."
Taoiseach Simon Harris also welcomed Mr Whelan's release, saying it will be an "enormous relief to his family who have campaigned for many years for his release."
The Kremlin said it hoped those who had left Russian jails, whom it described as "enemies", would stay away, the state-run TASS news agency reported.
TASS quoted Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov as saying he hoped to comment further later on.
"I believe that all our enemies should stay there (abroad), and all those who are not our enemies should return. That's my point of view," TASS cited Mr Peskov as saying.
Wall Street Journal reporter Gershkovich, 32, was detained in Russia in March 2023 and convicted in July on spying charges in a fast-track trial denounced as a sham by the United States.
Among those being returned to Russia in exchange, the Turkish government said, is Vadim Krasikov, a Russian citizen imprisoned in Germany for killing a former Chechen rebel commander in a brazen assassination.
Signs of an imminent prisoner swap had picked up momentum earlier, amid reports a plane used in a previous exchange deal had landed in the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad.
Hopes had also risen in recent days after a number of high-profile prisoners in Russia, including Mr Whelan, who holds an Irish passport, went missing from facilities where they were serving long terms, fueling speculation they were being moved ahead of an exchange.
As a rule, swaps can only happen after a conviction in Russia, and the disappearance of several high-profile political prisoners at once is extremely rare.
Here are names of those freed under the prisoner exchange
Three US citizens and one legal permanent resident are returning home from Russia: Evan Gershkovich, Paul Whelan, Alsu Kurmasheva, and Vladimir Kara-Murza.
Twelve German nationals and Russian political prisoners will return to Germany: Dieter Voronin, Kevin Lick, Rico Krieger, Patrick Schoebel, Herman Moyzhes, Ilya Yashin, Liliya Chanysheva, Kseniya Fadeyeva, Vadim Ostanin, Andrey Pivovarov, Oleg Orlov, Sasha Skochilenko.
Eight people are returning to Russia: Vadim Krasikov (from Germany), Artem Viktorovich Dultsev (from Slovenia), Anna Valerevna Dultseva (from Slovenia), Mikhail Valeryevich Mikushin (from Norway), Pavel Alekseyevich Rubtsov (from Poland), Roman Seleznev (from the US),Vladislav Klyushin (from the US), Vadim Konoshchenock (from the US)
The exchange would be a victory for US President Joe Biden, whose vice president, Kamala Harris, will face Republican Donald Trump in the November election.
This would be the first prisoner exchange between Russia and the West since star US basketball player Brittney Griner was swapped in return for convicted Russian arms dealer Viktor Bout in December 2022.
It would also be the biggest exchange since 2010, when 14 alleged spies were exchanged between Russia and the West. They included double agent Sergei Skripal, who was sent by Moscow to Britain and undercover Russian agent Anna Chapman, sent by Washington to Russia.
Before then, major swaps involving more than a dozen people had only taken place during the Cold War, with Soviet and Western powers carrying out exchanges in 1985 and 1986.
An aircraft already used in Griner and Bout's exchange flew from Moscow to Kaliningrad early this morning, according to flight tracking website Flightradar24. The flight was later tracked taking off from Kaliningrad two hours later.
Mr Gershkovich was arrested in the city of Yekaterinburg while on a reporting trip. He, his employer and the US government all strongly denied the espionage allegations against him.
Mr Biden had said after the sentencing that he was "pushing hard for Evan's release and will continue to do so".
Media rights group Reporters Without Borders said it was "hugely relieved".
"The Russian government's continued policy of state hostage-taking is outrageous. Journalists are not spies, and they must never be targeted for political purposes," the group said.
Washington has also been working for the release of Mr Whelan, 54, who was arrested in 2018 in Moscow and charged with espionage.
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Mr Whelan was working in security for a US vehicle parts company when he was arrested, and has always asserted that the evidence against him was falsified.
Also among those who disappeared was journalist and activist Vladimir Kara-Murza, a 42-year-old joint Russian and British citizen. His lawyers said yesterday that they did not know his location after being twice denied access to the facility where he was meant to be held.
Mr Kara-Murza, who spoke out against the Russian invasion of Ukraine, is serving a 25-year sentence in Siberia for treason and other charges. He suffers from a nerve disease and was moved to a prison hospital earlier this month for medical checks.
Adding to the intrigue was a case in Slovenia, where a court sentenced two Russians suspected of spying for Moscow to more than a year and a half in prison - but then ordered their expulsion from the country.
Arrests of US citizens in Russia have increased in recent years, in what Washington sees as a Kremlin attempt to secure the release of Russians convicted abroad.
