Israeli strikes killed at least 13 people in central Gaza, the civil defence agency in the territory said, although fighting has largely subsided as Muslims mark Eid al-Adha.
An Israeli announcement at the weekend of a daily "pause" of military activity to facilitate aid flows coincided with the Muslim holiday and has brought relative calm to parts of besieged Gaza after more than eight months of war.
But despite the rare lull in Gaza, tensions surged around Israel's northern border with Lebanon, as foreign minister Israel Katz warned of Hezbollah's destruction in a "total war".
In central Gaza, witnesses reported gunfire and artillery shelling near the Nuseirat refugee camp, where the civil defence agency said at least 13 people were killed in two separate strikes on a family home and a commercial building.
Al-Awda hospital said it received the bodies of "six martyrs and 15 wounded as a result of Israeli air strikes on various areas in central and southern Gaza".
Witnesses and Palestinian media said there were some strikes and fighting elsewhere in northern and central Gaza.
In a statement, the Israeli army said its operations continued in central and southern Gaza including Rafah city on the border with Egypt.
"We've been taking apart Hamas in Rafah for the last month," said military spokesman David Mencer.
"Terror outposts in Shaboura and Tal al-Sultan are being defeated. We've eliminated hundreds of terrorists," he claimed, adding "an Islamic Jihad sniper cell (was) eliminated".
Mounting criticism
Amid mounting criticism over his handling of the hostage situation, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu invited the relatives of killed hostages to his home, several families told AFP.
However, one relative, who spoke on condition of anonymity, said she would decline the invitation, saying, "he remembered a little late to invite us".
In Jerusalem yesterday, thousands of Israelis protested against Netanyahu's government over its failure to negotiate the release of scores of hostages held in the Palestinian territory since Hamas' 7 October attack.
Demonstrators rallied outside the parliament and near Netanyahu's residence, demanding early elections and chanting "All of them! Now!", referring to the release of hostages.
"We need to shut down the country in order to make the government fall," said Yaacov Godo, whose son Tom was killed during the Hamas attack, at the start of what activists describe as a week of anti-government action across the country.
Israeli media said another rally was planned in front of the parliament building tonight.
'Death and suffering'
In Rafah, where the Israeli military has said it would pause fighting along a key route in the city's east, witnesses saw Israeli military vehicles and reported shelling in other areas.
The 7 October attack by Palestinian militants on southern Israel resulted in the deaths of 1,194 people, mostly civilians, according to an AFP tally based on Israeli official figures.
The militants also seized 251 hostages. Of these, 116 remain in Gaza, although the army said 41 are dead.
Israel's retaliatory war on Gaza has killed at least 37,372 people, also mostly civilians, according to the territory's health ministry.
United Nations rights chief Volker Türk told the UN Human Rights Council in Geneva he was "appalled by the disregard for international human rights" and "unconscionable death and suffering".
The UN has said aid access to Gaza has been severely hindered by factors including insecurity, the closing of crossing points to the territory, and Israeli procedural delays.
Since the start of Israeli military operations around Rafah in early May, when the vital crossing was seized and closed, "aid delivery and humanitarian access deteriorated further", Mr Türk said.
Calls for de-escalation
Hamas demanded the opening of both the Kerem Shalom and Rafah crossings, in a statement accusing Israel and its close ally the United States of the "crime of preventing the entry of aid and food as a tool for political pressure".
Displaced Palestinian Ali Hassan, sheltering in a tent in central Gaza's Deir al-Balah, told AFP "Eid al-Adha this year is not like previous holidays."
"There is no meat or sacrificial animals, we don't even have clothes for the children," he said.
The war has sent tensions soaring across the region, with regular cross-border clashes between Israeli forces and Lebanon's Iran-backed Hezbollah, a Hamas ally.
In a message for Eid al-Adha, US President Joe Biden has called for the implementation of a ceasefire plan he outlined last month, claiming it was "the best way to end the violence".
US envoy Amos Hochstein said the plan would ultimately lead to "the end of the conflict in Gaza" which would in turn quell fighting between Israel and Hezbollah.
But Israel's top diplomat claimed: "We are very close to the moment when we will decide to change the rules of the game against Hezbollah and Lebanon."
"In a total war, Hezbollah will be destroyed and Lebanon will be hit hard," Katz said, quoted in a statement from his office.
Mr Biden's proposal would bring an initial six-week pause to fighting and Hamas would free hostages in exchange for the release of Palestinians interned by Israel.
US Secretary of State Antony Blinken separately told reporters that the US was reviewing one shipment of bombs for Israel over concerns about their use in crowded areas of Gaza, but that other weapons are moving as usual.
