China and the United States have agreed to try and stabilise their intense rivalry to avoid veering into conflict but did not announce any major breakthroughs during a rare visit to Beijing by US Secretary of State Antony Blinken.
Chinese President Xi Jinping hailed "progress" after shaking hands with Antony Blinken at the Great Hall of the People, a grand venue usually reserved for greeting heads of state.
Mr Blinken, the first holder of his post to meet the Chinese leader since 2018, told reporters he had raised contentious issues such as Taiwan, the democratic island Beijing claims as its own.
And while he said the two sides had not moved forward on establishing regular military-to-military communications, a major concern for the wider world, he expected more senior US officials would visit China in the coming weeks.
It had been hoped their roughly 30-minute meeting could help facilitate a summit between President Xi and US President Joe Biden later in the year.
The two leaders last met on the sidelines of the G20 summit in Bali, Indonesia in November, pledging more frequent communication, although ties since then have deteriorated over Taiwan, espionage accusations and other concerns.
"The two sides have also made progress and reached the agreement on some specific issues. This is very good," Mr Xi told Mr Blinken across a long table bedecked with pink lotus flowers.
Mr Blinken responded by saying the two countries "have an obligation and responsibility" to manage their relationship and that the United States was "committed to doing that".
His meetings in Beijing, including talks with China's top diplomat Wang Yi and foreign minister Qin Gang, had been "candid and constructive," he added.
It was not immediately clear from President Xi's remarks what progress he was referring to, although he told Mr Blinken China "hopes to see a sound and steady China-US relationship" and believes that the two countries "can overcome various difficulties", according to Chinese readout of the talks.
He also urged the US not to "hurt China's legitimate rights and interests", a signal of potential flashpoints such as Taiwan.
White House Press Secretary Karine Jean-Pierre said that Mr Blinken had constructive conversations with Mr Xi and other Chinese officials that was a good step forward for US-Chinese relations.
Mr Blinken emphasised the importance of maintaining open channels of communication during the two-day visit and stressed the US would continue to use diplomacy to raise areas of concern as well as of cooperation with China, she said.
The lack of regular and open communication channels between the world's top two economies has sent jitters around the world, and Beijing's reluctance to engage in regular military-to-military talks with Washington has alarmed China's neighbours.
But President Xi's comments, and the diplomatic choreography of the visit, appeared to signal a will to make progress, analysts said.
"China's messaging has been pretty positive," said Wu Xinbo, a professor and director at the Center for American Studies at Fudan University in Shanghai.
"China showed that it still hopes to work with the U.S. to stabilise and improve relations. I think that while China is not optimistic about Sino-US relations, it has not given up hope either."
Earlier, Mr Blinken underscored the importance of open communication channels to manage their competition during more than three hours of talks with Mr Wang, which the State Department called "productive".
Describing the US-China relationship as being at a low point, Mr Wang said the root cause was the United States' wrong perception of China.
"We must take a responsible attitude toward the people, history and the world, and reverse the downward spiral of US-China relations," he said during the meeting with Mr Blinken, according to a statement released by China's foreign ministry.
Mr Blinken's trip, which was postponed in February after a suspected Chinese spy balloon flew over US airspace, was closely followed worldwide as further deterioration of ties could have global implications on financial markets, trade practices and routes and supply chains.
Beijing's tone on Taiwan was particularly pointed throughout Mr Blinken's visit. Mr Wang said "China has no room for compromise or concessions", according to the Chinese readout.
The United States has long stuck to a policy of "strategic ambiguity" over whether it would respond militarily to an attack on Taiwan, which Beijing has refused to rule out.
When asked last year, US President Joe Biden said Washington would defend Taiwan in the event of a Chinese invasion, though aides later said his comments did not reflect a policy departure from the long-standing "one China" policy.
US officials have underscored that the United States does not support Taiwan independence.
US officials have been playing down the prospect of a major breakthrough in talks, but they and analysts expect Mr Blinken's visit will pave the way for more bilateral meetings in coming months, including possible trips by Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen and Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo.
