Cardinal George Pell, who was convicted and later cleared of sexual abuse in Australia, has died in Rome aged 81, a church official said.
From humble beginnings in regional Australia, Cardinal Pell climbed the ranks to become one of Pope Francis's most trusted advisers inside the Vatican.
He was also the highest-ranking Catholic to be imprisoned for child sexual abuse, before his convictions were quashed on appeal.
While supporters praised Cardinal Pell today as a modern-day "saint", victims of church abuse said his death dredged up painful memories.
Archbishop of Sydney Anthony Fisher confirmed Cardinal Pell died in Rome in the early hours of this morning.
Former conservative Australian prime minister Tony Abbott said Cardinal Pell's name had been tainted by a "monstrous allegation".
"His incarceration on charges that the High Court ultimately scathingly dismissed was a modern form of crucifixion," Mr Abbott said.
"He strikes me as a saint for our times."
But Donald McLeish, from the Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests, said Cardinal Pell embodied the church's neglect of sexual abuse victims.
"His name is known (by) survivors across the world," he told AFP.
"Not just for his inaction, but the coldness that he put towards victims and survivors."
Cardinal Pell's body will be returned to Australia and buried in the crypt of St Mary's Cathedral in Sydney, church officials said.
Australian lawyers, meanwhile, confirmed that they would plough ahead with a civil case listing Cardinal Pell as a co-defendant.
The case had been brought by the father of a former altar boy who alleged he was sexually abused by Cardinal Pell.
"The claim will continue against the church and whatever estate Cardinal Pell has left behind," Shine Lawyers said in a statement.
Cardinal Pell died of heart complications related to a hip surgery he had undergone in a Rome hospital on Tuesday, according to the Vatican's official news website.
Praise from Pope Francis
In 2014, Cardinal Pell was tasked with rooting out church corruption as the head of the Secretariat for the Economy.
He was widely seen at the time as the right-hand man of Pope Francis and the third most powerful figure in the church.
In a message this morning, Pope Francis praised the late cardinal for persevering in trying times.
In an Italian-language message sent to the dean of the College of Cardinals, Francis also thanked the cardinal for laying groundwork for economic reform in the Vatican with "determination and wisdom".
Cardinal Pell voluntarily returned to Australia in 2017, where he was accused of molesting two 13-year-old choirboys in the 1990s - charges he strenuously denied until his death.
"What a load of absolute, disgraceful rubbish," he said in a 2016 police interview. The first trial ended in a hung jury, but a second trial found him guilty.
In 2019, he was sentenced to six years in prison and registered as a sex offender.
He spent 12 months in Barwon Prison near Melbourne before the Australian High Court quashed his convictions on appeal, opening the door for his return to Rome in late 2020.
Cardinal Pell was embraced by the church despite the scandal and was received by the Pope inside the Apostolic Palace in October 2020.
He was among those in attendance at the funeral of Pope Benedict XVI at St Peter's Square last week.
Archbishop of Perth Timothy Costelloe said Cardinal Pell's "many strengths were widely recognised" and his impact on the church would "continue to be felt for many years".
Although cleared by the courts, a separate government inquiry criticised Cardinal Pell's indifference to sexual abuse claims inside Australia's Catholic Church.
"By 1973, Cardinal Pell was not only conscious of child sexual abuse by clergy but ... he also had considered measures of avoiding situations which might provoke gossip about it," a Royal Commission concluded in 2020.
Born in the regional town of Ballarat in the state of Victoria, Cardinal Pell climbed higher in the Catholic Church than any other Australian before him.
