Mexico's supreme court has decriminalised recreational marijuana use for adults, drawing a cautious welcome from activists who said users face a "legal vacuum" until politicians pass a stalled legalisation bill.
"Today is a historic day for liberties," court president Arturo Zaldivar said, after eight of the 11 judges backed the decision declaring the drug's prohibition under the health law to be unconstitutional.
The ruling comes after congress failed to enact legislation allowing recreational marijuana use by an 30 April deadline set by the country's highest court.
The landmark bill was approved by the lower house in March, but still needs final approval by the upper house, the senate.
In April, the ruling majority in the senate said it was considering postponing the final discussion on the law until September.
The supreme court urged congress to issue the necessary legislation "in order to generate legal certainty".
Pro-legalisation campaigners said the supreme court ruling left cannabis users facing many uncertainties.
Mexico United Against Crime, a non-governmental organisation, said the decision "does not decriminalise the activities necessary to carry out consumption" such as production, possession and transportation of marijuana.
The ruling "leaves a legal vacuum with respect to the consumption, cultivation and distribution of cannabis," it added, calling on congress to issue the necessary legislation.
One consequence of the court ruling is that recreational users will be able to obtain a permit from national health regulator Cofepris more easily, said Adriana Muro, director of rights group Elementa.
"What had happened on previous occasions was that Cofepris denied those permits," she told AFP.
"Now that permission has to be given automatically," she added.
But that does not open the door to commercialisation or personal possession of more than the five grams already allowed, said Francisco Burgoa, a constitutional lawyer and professor at the National Autonomous University of Mexico.
"Congress urgently needs to legislate, but I think that President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador is not personally in favour," he told AFP.
The legislation would make Mexico, home to 126 million people, one of just a few countries, including Uruguay and Canada, to legalise cannabis for recreational use.
Cannabis use for medicinal purposes has been decriminalised in Mexico since June 2017.
Experts say the legal recreational market could be worth billions of dollars in Mexico, where authorities seized 244 tons of marijuana in 2020.
The legalisation push is partly aimed at curbing drug-related violence that claims thousands of lives each year in the Latin American nation.
More than 300,000 people have been murdered since the government deployed the army to fight the drug cartels in 2006.
