George HW Bush and his son George W Bush did not vote for fellow Republican Donald Trump last year, according to the author of a new about the former presidents.
George Bush Snr voted for Hillary Clinton, while his son voted for neither Mr Trump nor his Democratic challenger, or "none of the above," said Mark Updegrove, who wrote "The Last Republicans" with the cooperation of the two Bushes.
In an interview with the New York Times, Mr Updegrove said the Bush Snr, 93, who served as president from 1989 to 1993, had an instinctive dislike of Mr Trump though he did not know him personally.
In an interview during the 2016 presidential campaign, George HW Bush told the author that Mr Trump was a "blowhard," driven by "a certain ego" and lacking a commitment to public service.
George Bush Jnr, 71, who served in the White House from2001 to 2009, believed candidate Trump lacked both humility and a necessary understanding of the presidency, Mr Updegrove said in previewing the book about the relationship between the Bushes.
During the campaign, Bush Jnr told the author that he feared he would turn out to be the last Republican elected president.
Mr Updegrovea, historian who has written several books about the presidency. told the New York Times: "At the time, I think he was concerned that Hillary Clinton would win.
"But if you look at his values and those shared by his father and Ronald Reagan, they are very much in contrast to the values of the Republican Party today, in particular the platform that Donald Trump ran on, which is essentially protectionism and a certain xenophobia."
In a statement, White House spokeswoman Sarah Sanders said: "The American people voted to elect an outsider who is capable of implementing real, positive, and needed change-instead of a lifelong politician beholden to special interests.
"If they were interested in continuing decades of costly mistakes, another establishment politician more concerned with putting politics over people would have won."
During the 2016 presidential election campaign, Mr Trump promised to "drain the swamp" in Washington, a vow that extended to the Republican establishment, which the Bush family epitomized.
