Ukrainian officials pleaded for more help from the West today, including quicker deliveries of weapons to hold off better armed Russian forces at a critical time in the battle in the east.
Heavy fighting was still being reported in Sievierodonetsk, the small eastern city that has become the focus of Russia's advance and one of the bloodiest flashpoints in a war that has increased financial and physical hardship around the world.
Chronic hunger could afflict up to 19 million more people globally over the next year due to reduced exports of wheat and other food commodities from Ukraine and Russia, according to the United Nations' food agency.
Within Ukraine, officials said they were worried about the spread of deadly cholera and dysentery in the southern city of Mariupol, where tens of thousands of civilians live in ruins captured by Russian troops last month after a relentless siege.
Mayor Vadym Boichenko said wells had been contaminated by the corpses of people killed during weeks of Russian bombardment and siege, and that the collection of bodies by the city's Russian occupiers was proceeding slowly.
"There is an outbreak of dysentery and cholera. This is unfortunately the assessment of our doctors: that the war which took over 20,000 residents ... unfortunately, with these infection outbreaks, will claim thousands more Mariupolites," he told national television.
Mr Boichenko, who is based outside Mariupol, said the city had been placed into quarantine.
Ukraine says about 100,000 people remain in the city, a once vibrant sea port that had a population of about 430,000 before the war but is now an urban wasteland.
Meanwhile, in a speech via videolink to a conference in Copenhagen, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky called for Ukraine to be accepted as a part of the West with binding guarantees for its protection.
"The European Union can take a historic step that will prove that words about the people of Ukraine belonging to the European family are not just words," he said, asking the European Union to accept Ukraine as a membership candidate.
Visiting Ukraine's western city of Lviv, German Health Minister Karl Lauterbach said Germany would help build trauma centres for the wounded, donating prosthetic limbs and deploying doctors, as Ukraine needed "humanitarian aid just as urgently as... our military support."
But with the war in the east now primarily an artillery battle in which Kyiv is severely outgunned by Moscow, Ukrainian officials say the tide of events could be turned only if the West fulfils promises to send more and better weaponry including rocket systems that Washington and others have promised.
"This is an artillery war now," Vadym Skibitsky, Ukraine's deputy head of military intelligence, told Britain's Guardian newspaper.
"Everything now depends on what (the West) gives us. Ukraine has one artillery piece to 10 to 15 Russian artillery pieces."
Russia has concentrated its forces into a battle for Sievierodonetsk, hoping to capture the full territory of eastern Luhansk province.
It is demanding Ukraine cede this territory to separatists along with neighbouring Donetsk province - an area known as the Donbas where it has backed a revolt by separatist proxies since 2014.
Ukrainian troops have largely pulled out of the city's residential areas but have not yielded their foothold on the east bank of the Siverskiy Donets river.
Russian forces are also pushing from the north and south to try to encircle the Ukrainians, but so far have made limited progress.
Both sides say they have inflicted massive casualties in the battle for the city.
President Vladimir Putin launched what he terms his "special military operation" in Ukraine in February claiming his aim was to disarm and "denazify" Russia's neighbour.
Kyiv and its allies call it an unprovoked war of aggression to capture territory.
Ukraine said a speech delivered yesterday by President Putin - who drew a parallel between what he portrayed as a new quest to win back Russian lands and the historic achievements of Tsar Peter the Great - proved that Moscow's aim was conquest.
"Putin's confession of land seizures and comparing himself with Peter the Great prove: there was no 'conflict', only the country's bloody seizure under contrived pretexts of people’s genocide," tweeted Zelensky aide Mykhailo Podolyak.
