Five Just Stop Oil protesters, including one of its co-founders, have been jailed for a total of 21 years for conspiring to organise protests that blocked the M25 motorway in London, England.
Roger Hallam, 58, Daniel Shaw, 38, Louise Lancaster, 58, Lucia Whittaker De Abreu, 35, and Cressida Gethin, 22, agreed to cause disruption to traffic by having protesters climb onto gantries over the motorway for four successive days in November 2022.
Hallam was sentenced to five years' imprisonment while the remaining four defendants were each handed four years' imprisonment.
Prosecutors alleged the protests, which saw 45 people climb up the gantries, led to an economic cost of at least £765,000 (€909,000) while the cost to the Metropolitan Police was more than £1.1m (€1m).
They also allegedly caused more than 50,000 hours of vehicle delay, affecting more than 700,000 vehicles, and left the M25 "compromised" for more than 120 hours.
A police officer suffered concussion and bruising after being knocked off his motorbike in traffic caused by one of the protests on 9 November 2022, prosecutor Jocelyn Ledward KC said at the sentencing hearing at Southwark Crown Court.
All five defendants joined a Zoom call on November 2 2022 in which discussions were held about the planned protests, based off "what was said expressly and what could be inferred", and were aiming to recruit others for the protests on the call, Ms Ledward told the court.
A journalist from the Sun newspaper, who had joined the call pretending to be interested in the protest, managed to record some of it and passed the recordings on to the police.
Judge Christopher Hehir said the Zoom call showed "how intricately planned the disruption was and the sophistication involved", and was "compelling evidence" of the existence of a conspiracy.
There was "extensive organisation and planning" for the protests and each defendant had a "significant role" in the conspiracy, Ms Ledward said.
The defendants were convicted by a jury of conspiracy intentionally to cause a public nuisance, contrary to section 78 of the Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Act 2022 and Section 1 of the Criminal Law Act 1977, on 11 July.
Hallam was sentenced to five years' imprisonment while the remaining four defendants were each handed four years' imprisonment.
The defendants, referred to as the Whole Truth Five by Just Stop Oil on social media, spoke to confirm their names in court and shouted "We love you" from the dock immediately after the sentences were passed down.
Judge Hehir said: "The plain fact is that each of you some time ago has crossed the line from concerned campaigner to fanatic.
"You have appointed yourselves as sole arbiters of what should be done about climate change."
Addressing Hallam, the judge said: "You are the theoretician, the 'ideas' man.
"In my judgment you sit at the very highest level of the conspiracy."
The judge told the court 11 protesters were arrested on suspicion of contempt outside the court during the case's trial on 2 July, but the court had discontinued its proceedings against them on 11 July after he became "concerned" about their position.
There have been no protests on the M25 since November 2022.
