Artwork and curios linked to Napoleon Bonaparte, including one of his iconic bicorne hats, has sold for €8.7 million in Paris, according to Sotheby's.
The auction house had estimated that the more than 110 items of memorabilia would sell for €6m.
Famous paintings of the 19th-century French emperor, gilded imperial furniture and a copy of his marriage certificate were among the items up for auction.
Relics linked to Napoleon regularly come up for sale at auction in France in a flourishing trade marked by intense interest from collectors.
The vast collection also included his first will written while in exile on the Atlantic island of Saint Helena, and the sword and staff used for his coronation at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris in 1804.
Napoleon was exiled to Saint Helena in 1815 after his defeat by Britain at the Battle of Waterloo.
He died on the island six years later.
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Collector Pierre-Jean Chalencon, a former star of a French antiques television show who describes himself "Napoleon's press officer", assembled the collection over four decades.
Born in a suburb of Paris, he started his collection at the age of 13 and accumulated more than 1,000 objects, including a coronation ring and a piece of the emperor's coffin.
At an auction in the French capital in May, one of Napoleon's sabres sold for €4.6m, coming close to a new record price for a Napoleonic artefact.
