Health authorities have said "unfounded rumours" causing people to spurn the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine are preventing the elimination of cervical cancer, which kills more than 300,000 women every year.

To mark World Cancer Day 2019, the International Agency for Research on Cancer issued a statement in which it "unequivocally confirms the efficacy and safety of HPV vaccination".

"Unfounded rumours about HPV vaccines continue to unnecessarily delay or impede the scaling up of the vaccination, which is so urgently needed to prevent cervical cancer," said IARC director Elisabete Weiderpass.

Spread mainly through sex, the human papillomavirus causes most cases of cervical cancer, which claims the life of a woman somewhere in the world every two minutes.

It is the fourth most deadly cancer for women.

More than half-a-million new cervical cancers were diagnosed in the world in 2018, said the IARC.

Unless prevention is stepped up, with vaccination in the vanguard, the disease may claim as many as 460,000 lives per year by 2040, the agency added.

The World Health Organization recommends vaccination of all girls, and screening and treatment for older women to reduce cancer risk.

The vaccine is most effective when administered between the ages of nine and 14.

Some countries also recommend the shot for boys, to eliminate the virus from general circulation.

Minister for Health Simon Harris announced in December that the vaccine will be extended to boys in schools in Ireland, following recommendations by HIQA.

Rumours about potential side effects, including chronic fatigue syndrome or multiple sclerosis, have put many people off getting the jab, even though scientists have repeatedly shown it is safe.

This is happening amid a growing mistrust in vaccines generally in the Western world which has also led to a sharp rise in measles cases in many countries.