Rescuers have said Israeli strikes on Gaza killed nearly 90 people, while Hamas demanded the United States press Israel to lift a sweeping aid blockade in return for a US-Israeli hostage released by the group.
In early March, shortly before the collapse of a two-month ceasefire in its war against Hamas, Israel reimposed a total blockade on Gaza, where aid agencies have warned of critical shortages of everything from food and clean water to fuel and medicines.
US President Donald Trump acknowledged that "a lot of people are starving" in the besieged Palestinian territory.
"We're looking at Gaza. And we're going to get that taken care of," Mr Trump told reporters in Abu Dhabi, on a regional tour that excluded key ally Israel.
Taoiseach Micheál Martin signed a joint statement alongside a number of European Union and non-EU European leaders condemning what they have described as "the man-made humanitarian catastrophe taking place before our eyes in Gaza".
Israel says its decision to cut off aid to Gaza was intended to force concessions from militant group Hamas, which still holds dozens of Israeli hostages seized during the 7 October 2023 attack that sparked the war.
Hamas on Monday freed Edan Alexander, the last living hostage with US nationality, after direct engagement with the Trump administration that left Israel sidelined.
As part of the understanding with the US regarding Mr Alexander's release, senior Hamas official Taher al-Nunu said the group was "awaiting and expecting the US administration to exert further pressure" on Israel "to open the crossings and allow the immediate entry of humanitarian aid".
Mr Nunu's remarks come a day after Hamas had warned President Trump that Gaza was not "for sale", responding to the US president again suggesting he could take over the Palestinian territory and turn it into "a freedom zone".
On the ground, Gaza's civil defence agency said Israeli strikes killed at least 88 people.
Umm Mohammed al-Tatari, 57, told AFP that she was awoken by a pre-dawn attack on northern Gaza.
"We were asleep when suddenly everything exploded around us," she said.
"Everyone started running. We saw the destruction with our own eyes. There was blood everywhere, body parts and corpses," she added.
"There is no safety. We could die at any moment," said 33-year-old Ahmed Nasr, also from northern Gaza.
At the Indonesian Hospital in Beit Lahia, AFPTV footage showed mourners crying over the bodies of their loved ones.
"They were innocent people," said Mayar Salem.
"Only their remains are left... They were my sisters and daughters."
Hamas's October 2023 attack on Israel resulted in the deaths of 1,218 people on the Israeli side, mostly civilians, according to an AFP tally based on official figures.
Of the 251 hostages taken during the attack, 57 remain in Gaza, including 34 the military says are dead.
The health ministry in Hamas-run Gaza said 2,985 people have been killed since Israel resumed strikes on 18 March, taking the war's overall toll to 53,119 deaths in the Palestinian territory.
Israeli media reported that the military had stepped up its offensive in line with a plan approved by the government earlier this month, though there has not been any formal announcement of an expanded campaign.
The military said in a statement that its forces had "struck over 150 terror targets throughout the Gaza Strip" in 24 hours.
The main Israeli campaign group representing the families of hostages said that by extending the fighting, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu was missing a "historic opportunity" to get their loved ones out through diplomacy.
Another group representing hostage relatives, the Tivka Forum, called for more military pressure "coordinated with diplomatic pressure, a complete siege, cutting off water and electricity".
For weeks, UN agencies have warned of severe shortages in Gaza.
The 46-member Council of Europe said the territory was suffering from a "deliberate starvation".
Senior Hamas official Basem Naim has said the entry of aid into Gaza was "the minimum requirement for a conducive and constructive negotiation environment".
The Gaza Humanitarian Foundation, a US-supported NGO, has said it will begin distributing humanitarian aid in Gaza this month after talks with Israeli officials.
However, the United Nations yesterday ruled out involvement with the initiative, citing concerns about "impartiality, neutrality (and) independence".
UN special rapporteur for the Palestinian territories Francesca Albanese accused Israel of "killing what's left of humanity".
Israel says its aid stoppage and military pressure are meant to force Hamas to free the remaining hostages.
