Gaza's civil defence agency said that an Israeli air strike on a school-turned-shelter killed five people, while the Israeli military said it targeted Hamas militants.
"Five martyrs and a number of wounded were recovered after the occupation targeted Ibn Al-Haytam School in the Shujaiya neighbourhood" of Gaza City, the agency said in a statement.
The Israeli military said the air force "conducted a precise strike on Hamas terrorists" in a compound that "previously served as the 'Ibn Al-Haytam' school in the area of Gaza City".
The military's statement said Hamas fighters used the school "to plan and carry out terrorist activities against (Israeli) troops and the State of Israel".
The military did not provide a death toll but said "numerous steps were taken to mitigate the risk of harming civilians, including the use of precise munitions, aerial surveillance and additional intelligence".
It is the latest in a series of Israeli strikes on school buildings housing displaced Gazans.
Meanwhile, the Israeli military said four soldiers were killed in combat in southern Gaza.
Three soldiers were severely wounded, and two others moderately wounded in the same incident, it said.
The latest fatalities bring the Israeli military's losses in the Gaza campaign to 348 since the start of a ground invasion in the Palestinian territory.
The vast majority of the Gaza Strip's 2.4 million people have been displaced at least once by the ongoing war.
It comes as US Secretary of State Antony Blinken landed in Cairo, as efforts to secure an elusive ceasefire in Gaza were further complicated by a wave of blasts in Lebanon.
On his tenth trip to the Middle East since the start of the war in Gaza nearly a year ago, Mr Blinken will address negotiation efforts with Egyptian officials, and is expected to discuss strengthening US-Egyptian relations.
He is expected to meet with Egyptian leader Abdel Fattah al-Sisi and hold a press conference with Foreign Minister Badr Abdelatty, but will not be visiting Israel or any other Arab capitals during the visit.
US officials have said privately that they do not expect any breakthroughs at the talks in Cairo, but Mr Blinken's visit will aim to keep up the pressure campaign for a deal between Israel and Hamas.
"He'll be meeting with Egyptian officials about a number of things, but squarely on the agenda is how we get a proposal that we think would secure agreement from both parties," said US State Department spokesman Matthew Miller.
Mr Miller declined to "put a timetable on when we would put that proposal forward," saying Washington wanted "a proposal that's going to get a yes".
"It's very important that we stop the haggling back and forth."
US sources say there are two key sticking points in the negotiations: the Philadelphi corridor along the Egypt-Gaza border that Israel is refusing to withdraw from, and the details surrounding the release of Palestinian prisoners held in Israel after Hamas made fresh demands.
After Cairo, Mr Blinken is due to head to Paris to brief his French, British and Italian counterparts.
His visit comes after a series of pagers used by Hezbollah members exploded across Lebanon yesterday, killing at least nine people and wounding about 2,800 in blasts the Iran-backed militant group blamed on Israel.
The United States was "not involved" and "not aware of this incident in advance", according to Mr Miller.
Israel recently announced it was broadening the aims of the war sparked by Hamas' 7 October attacks to include its fight against Hezbollah along the country's border with Lebanon.
That attack resulted in the deaths of 1,205 people on the Israeli side, most of them civilians, according to an AFP tally based on official Israeli figures, which includes hostages killed in captivity.
Out of 251 people taken hostage that day, 97 are still being held inside the Gaza Strip, including 33 who the Israeli military says are dead.
At least 41,272 Palestinians, a majority of them civilians, have been killed in Israel's military campaign in the Gaza Strip since the war began, according to data provided by the health ministry in Hamas-run Gaza.
The United Nations has acknowledged these figures as reliable.
