The United States is leading a diplomatic dash to deter Israel from striking Lebanon's capital Beirut or major civil infrastructure in response to a deadly rocket attack on the Golan Heights, sources said.
The US is racing to avert a full-blown war between Israel and the Iranian-backed Lebanese movement Hezbollah after the attack on the Israeli-occupied Golan killed 12 children and teenagers at the weekend, according to five people familiar with the matter, who include Lebanese and Iranian officials plus Middle Eastern and European diplomats.
Israel and the US have blamed Hezbollah for the rocket strike, though the group has denied responsibility.
The focus of the high-speed diplomacy has been to constrain Israel's response by urging it against targeting densely populated Beirut, the southern suburbs of the city that form Hezbollah's heartland, or key infrastructure like airports and bridges, said the sources who requested anonymity to discuss confidential details that haven't been previously reported.
Lebanon's deputy parliament speaker Elias Bou Saab, who said he had been in contact with US mediator Amos Hochstein since Saturday's Golan Heights attack, said Israel could avert the threat of major escalation by sparing the capital and its environs.
"If they avoid civilians and they avoid Beirut and its suburbs, then their attack could be well calculated," he said.
Israeli officials have said that their country wants to hurt Hezbollah but not drag the region into all-out war.
The two Middle Eastern and European diplomats said Israel had not made any commitment to avoiding strikes on Beirut, its suburbs or civil infrastructure.
The US State Department said it would not comment on the specifics of diplomatic conversations.
"Our support for Israel's security is ironclad and unwavering against all Iran-backed threats, including Hezbollah," a spokesperson said.
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'Nobody wants a broader war' - White House
White House spokesperson John Kirby told reporters that Israel had every right to respond to the Golan Heights strike.
"But nobody wants a broader war," he said.
"As for conversations over the weekend, you bet we've had them and we had them at multiple levels. But I'm not going to detail the guts of those conversations," he added.
The Israeli Prime Minister's office did not respond to a request for comment, while Hezbollah declined to comment.
The five people with knowledge of the diplomatic push over the past two days have either been involved in the conversations or briefed on them.
They said the efforts aimed to achieve a calibrated approach similar to that which contained April's exchange of missile and drone attacks between Israel and Iran, sparked by an Israeli strike on the Iranian consulate in Damascus.
An Iranian official said the US had also conveyed messages to Iran at least three times since Saturday's attack on the Golan Heights, "warning that escalating the situation would be detrimental to all parties."
Hezbollah is the most powerful of Iran's "Axis of Resistance" network of regional proxy groups and allied with Palestinian group Hamas.
It has been trading fire with the Israeli military across Lebanon's southern border since the Gaza war erupted last October.
During a 2006 war, the last time Israel and Hezbollah fought a major conflict, Israeli forces bombed Beirut's southern suburbs, known as the Dahiya, hitting Hezbollah-affiliated buildings as well as residential towers.
Beirut airport was bombed and put out of action, and across Lebanon bridges, roads, petrol stations and other infrastructure were destroyed.
A French diplomat said that since the Golan Heights attack, France had also been involved in passing messages between Israel and Hezbollah to de-escalate the situation.
France has historic ties with Lebanon, which was under French mandate from 1920 till it gained independence in 1943.
France has maintained close ties since then and has about 20,000 citizens in the country, many dual nationals.
Israel weighing up response to Golan Heights attack
The Israeli Homefront Command, a military unit responsible for protecting civilians, has not changed any of its instructions to citizens so far, an indication that the military is not expecting imminent danger from Hezbollah or any other group.
Yesterday, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's security cabinet, which comprises ten ministers and has dictated policy on the Gaza war and Hezbollah, authorised the premier and the defence minister to "decide on the manner and timing of the response" against Hezbollah.
This decision, coupled with the abstention of Mr Netanyahu's far-right coalition partners - Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich and National Security Minister Itamar Ben-Gvir - suggests that Israel has opted for a response short of the all-out war that some politicians have advocated for.
Following the Golan Heights attack, Mr Smotrich had issued a strong statement demanding robust action.
He posted on X: "For the death of children, (Hezbollah leader Sayyed Hassan) Nasrallah should pay with his head. All of Lebanon should pay."
UK advises nationals to leave Lebanon
The UK advised British nationals to leave Lebanon and not to travel to the country as diplomats raced to contain any escalation between Israel and Hezbollah.
"We are advising British nationals to leave Lebanon and not to travel to the country. This is a fast-moving situation," Foreign Secretary David Lammy posted on X.
⚠ The FCDO continues to advise British nationals in Lebanon to leave.
— Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (@FCDOGovUK) July 29, 2024
🚨 We advise against all travel to Lebanon.https://t.co/NlKYKGCQWy pic.twitter.com/y6QqcrEEPq
