The European Union has agreed to an overhaul of its asylum laws that includes more border detention centres and speedier deportations, prompting migrant charities to criticise the changes as "dangerous" and "cruel".
EU governments, officials and MEPs hailed the preliminary accord on the bloc's new pact on asylum and migration as "historic", saying it updated procedures to handle growing irregular arrivals while maintaining respect of human rights.
The legislative reform, reached after lengthy negotiations between EU member countries and MEPs, has yet to be formally adopted by the European Council and European Parliament.
That is expected to be done before June 2024, when EU elections will decide the next parliament.
Nationalist parties with anti-immigrant stances are forecast to win more seats in the parliament, reflecting a harder stance among EU voters struggling with a high cost of living.
European Commission chief Ursula von der Leyen welcomed the agreement on "a fair and pragmatic approach to managing migration".
Many EU countries, including France, Germany and the Netherlands also hailed the accord.
Taoiseach Leo Varadkar has welcomed the new EU agreement on migration saying it is "good progress" but added that the Government would have to examine it in detail before deciding whether to opt into it.
Mr Varadkar said the idea was a solid one as every EU country was facing an increase in numbers arriving and that was hard to manage.
He said the situation would be easier to manage if everyone worked together.
The Taoiseach said the Government would conduct due diligence on the deal and would make a decision on it in the new year.
Italy's interior minister, Matteo Piantedosi, called the agreed reform a "great success", saying frontline countries like his own "no longer feel alone".
But Hungary - which objects to having to take in irregular migrants or pay countries that do - rejected the deal in the "strongest possible terms," its foreign minister Peter Szijjarto said.
The EU reform includes faster vetting of irregular arrivals, creating border detention centres, accelerated deportation for rejected asylum applicants and a solidarity mechanism to take pressure off southern countries experiencing big inflows.
The overhaul, based on a commission proposal put forward three years ago, keeps the existing principle under which the first EU country an asylum-seeker enters is responsible for their case.
But to help countries experiencing a high number of arrivals - as is the case with Mediterranean countries Italy, Greece and Malta - a compulsory solidarity mechanism would be set up.
That would mean a certain number of migrant relocations to other EU countries, or countries that refuse to take in migrants would provide a financial or material contribution to those that do - something Budapest is fiercely against.
20th December 2023 will go down in history.
— Roberta Metsola (@EP_President) December 20, 2023
The day the EU reached a landmark agreement on a new set of rules to manage migration and asylum.
Europe has once again defied the odds.
I'm very proud that with the Migration & Asylum Pact, we have delivered and provided solutions. pic.twitter.com/Ic2AXYeKqN
The reform also accelerates the filtering and vetting of asylum-seekers so those deemed ineligible can be quickly sent back to their home country or country of transit.
That procedure - which requires border detention centres being set up - would apply to irregular migrants coming from countries whose nationals' asylum requests are rejected in more than 80% of cases.
Families with young children would have adequate conditions, human rights monitoring would take place and free legal advice provided, MEPs said.
Another point is a proposed "surge response" under which protections for asylum-seekers could be curtailed in times of significant inflows, as happened in 2015-2016 when more than two million asylum-seekers arrived in the EU, many from war-torn Syria.
Dozens of charities that help migrants - including Amnesty International, Oxfam, Caritas and Save the Children - have criticised the changes, saying in an open letter during the negotiations that the package would create a "cruel system" that is unworkable.
Read more:
How the EU is reshaping its asylum system
Reacting to today's agreement, Oxfam said the new package of laws is "in many ways... far worse" than the existing system.
"It is a dangerous dismantling of the key principles of human rights and refugee law," Oxfam migration expert Stephanie Pope said.
Caritas said "rushed asylum procedures with restricted safeguards and appeals, lack of access to legal and medical support and appropriate care for vulnerable groups are likely to happen" as a result.
Amnesty International said that "its likely outcome is a surge in suffering on every step of a person's journey to seek asylum in the EU".
The EU is seeing a rising number of irregular migrant arrivals and asylum requests.
In the first 11 months of this year, the EU border agency Frontex has registered more than 355,000 irregular border crossings into the bloc, an increase of 17%.
The number of asylum-seekers this year could top one million, according to the EU Agency for Asylum.
Additional reporting Sandra Hurley
