US President Donald Trump's tariff decisions since he took office in January 2025 have shocked financial markets and sent a wave of uncertainty through the global economy.
Stock markets across Europe have opened lower this morning following Mr Trump's announcement of tariffs on eight countries over disagreement about Greenland.
Shares in Dublin, London, Paris and Frankfurt were all down.
Here is a timeline of the major developments in Mr Trump's trade war.
1 February 2025 - Trump orders 25% tariffs on imports from Mexico and Canada and 10% on goods from China, demanding the three countries curb the flow of fentanyl and illegal immigrants into the US.
10 February 2025 - Mr Trump raises tariffs on steel and aluminium imports to a flat 25%.
3 March 2025 – Mr Trump says 25% tariffs on goods from Mexico and Canada will take effect from 4 March and doubles tariffs on all Chinese imports to 20%.
26 March 2025 – Mr Trump unveils a 25% tariff on imported cars and light trucks.
2 April 2025 – Mr Trump announces global tariffs with a baseline of 10% across all imports and significantly higher duties on imports from some countries.
9 April 2025 - Mr Trump pauses most country-specific tariffs that kicked in less than 24 hours earlier. The 10% blanket duty on almost all US imports stays in place. Mr Trump says he will raise tariffs on Chinese imports to 125% from the 104% level that took effect a day earlier, pushing the extra duties on Chinese goods to 145%.
9 May 2025 – Mr Trump and British Prime Minister Keir Starmer announce a limited bilateral trade agreement that leaves in place 10% tariffs on British imports to the United States.
12 May 2025 - The US and China agree to slash tariffs for 90 days. The US cuts the extra tariffs imposed on Chinese imports to 30%, while China reduces duties on US imports to 10% from 125%.
29 May 2025 - A federal appeals court temporarily reinstates the most sweeping of MrTrump's tariffs, pausing an earlier lower court's ruling to consider the government's appeal.
3 June 2025 – Mr Trump signs an executive proclamation hiking tariffs on steel and aluminium imports to 50%.
3 July 2025 – Mr Trump says the US will place a 20% tariff on many imports from Vietnam, with trans-shipments from third countries through Vietnam facing a 40% levy.
7 July 2025 - Mr Trump says additional higher duties announced previously will kick in on 1 August. In letters sent to 14 countries, he says that will include tariffs between 25% and 40%.
15 July 2025 – Mr Trump says the US and Indonesia made a new framework agreement under which the US will reduce threatened tariffs on Indonesian goods to 19% from 32%.
22 July 2025 – Mr Trump strikes a trade deal with Japan that includes lowering tariffs on auto imports to 15%.
30 July 2025 - The US reaches a deal with South Korea reducing the planned levies on imports to 15%.
31 July 2025 - Mr Trump signs an executive order imposing import tariffs ranging from 10% to 41% on 69 trading partners ahead of the trade deal deadline. He issues an order increasing the tariff rate on Canadian goods.
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6 August 2025 – Mr Trump imposes an additional 25% tariff on goods from India, saying the country directly or indirectly imported Russian oil.
7 August 2025 – Mr Trump's higher tariffs on imports from dozens of countries kick in, leaving major trade partners like Switzerland, Brazil and India scrambling for a better deal.
11 August 2025 – Mr Trump extends tariff truce with China for another 90 days, withholding imposition of three-digit duties until 10 November.
21 August 2025 - The US and EU lock in a framework trade deal that sets duties at 15% on most imports.
30 September 2025 - Mr Trump slaps duties of 10% on imported timber and lumber and 25% on kitchen cabinets, bathroom vanities and upholstered furniture.
14 January 2026 - Mr Trump imposes a 25% tariff on certain AI chips, such as the Nvidia H200 AI processor and as imilar semiconductor from AMD.
17 January 2026 – Mr Trump vows to implement a wave of tariffs on eight European allies until the US is allowed to buy Greenland, saying additional 10% tariffs would take effect on 1 February and increase to 25% on 1 June.
