Sudan's army and a paramilitary force battled on the outskirts of the capital today, undermining a truce in an 11-day conflict that civilian groups fear could revive the influence of ousted autocrat Omar al-Bashir and his loyalists.
Fuelling concerns about a possible rehabilitation of Bashir's standing, the army confirmed his transfer from Khartoum's Kober prison to a military hospital, along with at least five of his former officials, before hostilities started on 15 April.
Air strikes and artillery have killed at least 512 people, wounded nearly 4,200, destroyed hospitals and limited food distribution in the vast nation where a third of the 46 million people were already reliant on humanitarian aid.
The World Health Organization (WHO) expects "many more" deaths in Sudan due to outbreaks of disease and a lack of essential services amid fighting, its director general said.
"On top of the number of deaths and injuries caused by the conflict itself, the WHO expects there will be many more deaths due to outbreaks, lack of access to food and water and disruptions to essential health services, including immunisation," WHO director general Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said.
Mr Tedros added that only 16% of health facilities were functioning in the Sudanese capital.
"WHO estimates that one quarter of the lives lost so far could have been saved with access to basic haemorrhage control. But paramedics, nurses and doctors are unable to access injured civilians, and civilians are unable to access services."
The UN health body was carrying out a risk assessment to determine whether the seizure of a laboratory in Khartoum housing pathogens represented a risk to public health.
Foreigners fleeing Khartoum have described bodies littering streets, buildings on fire, residential areas turned into battlefields and youths roaming with large knives.
Over the weekend, thousands of inmates were freed outright from prison, including a former minister in Bashir's government who, like him, is wanted on war crimes charges by the International Criminal Court in The Hague.
At least one other of the group transferred to hospital is wanted by the ICC.
Transition plan derailed
Bashir's three-decade reign came to an end with a popular uprising four years ago.
The 79-year-old has been in prison, with spells in hospital, on Sudanese charges related to the 1989 coup that brought him to power.
"This war, which is ignited by the ousted regime, will lead the country to collapse," said Sudan's Forces of Freedom and Change (FCC), a political grouping leading an internationally backed plan to transfer to civilian rule.
The plan was derailed by the eruption of fighting between the regular army and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF).
The two sides and the FCC missed an April deadline to launch the transition to democracy, largely over disputes about merging the security forces.
Civilian groups have blamed groups loyal to Bashir of seeking to use conflict to find a way back to power.
The RSF, whose leader General Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo climbed to power under Bashir but later dumped him, has strongly opposed the Islamists who backed the former army autocrat.
The fighting "will not solve the main issues that civilian and military parties were trying to solve through the political process, especially the security and military reforms, which will ... lead to one professional unified army", the FCC added in its statement.
In Khartoum, which together with its sister cities is one of Africa's largest urban areas, the prisoner release – which different factions blamed each other for - added to a growing sense of lawlessness.
Residents reported worsening insecurity, with widespread looting and marauding gangs.
Exodus
Foreign powers have evacuated thousands of diplomats and private citizens in recent days.
Sudanese and citizens of neighbouring countries have been flooding out.
More than 10,000 people crossed into Egypt from Sudan in the past five days, Cairo said, while an estimated 20,000 have entered Chad.
Others have fled to South Sudan and Ethiopia, despite difficult conditions there.
Today's renewed battles were mostly in Omdurman, one of Khartoum's twin cities, where the army was fighting RSF reinforcements brought in from other regions of Sudan, a Reuters reporter said.
The army and the RSF agreed to a three-day truce, due to end late tomorrow, after diplomatic pressure from the United States and Saudi Arabia.
The army has accused its rivals of using the lull to replenish supplies of men and weapons.
The African Union said it and other outside parties were pressing both sides in Sudan for a permanent ceasefire.
"There is of course a real risk of region conflagration of this crisis and a form of internationalisation of the conflict," its peace and security commissioner Bankole Adeoye told reporters.
"We the African Union will not tolerate a proxy war in the East African region of our continent."
Sudan's army took over in a coup two years after the 2019 toppling of Bashir.
The whereabouts of Bashir came into question after a former minister in his government, Ali Haroun, announced he had left Kober prison with other former officials.
The ICC in The Hague has accused Bashir of genocide, and Haroun of organising militias to attack civilians in Darfur in 2003 and 2004. It declined to comment on the situation.
