The United Nations voted overwhelmingly on Thursday to demand Russia "immediately" and "unconditionally" withdraw its troops from Ukraine, marking the one-year anniversary of the war with a call for a "just and lasting" peace.
In the UN General Assembly, 141 members voted in favor of the resolution, which reaffirms support for Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity, seven opposed it, and 32 abstained, including China and India.
Earlier, UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres condemned Russia's invasion of Ukraine.
"That invasion is an affront to our collective conscience," Mr Guterres said, calling the anniversary "a grim milestone for the people of Ukraine and for the international community".
In his opening remarks, Mr Guterres highlighted the impact on the world of Russia's 24 February 2022 invasion of its neighbour.
He noted that it has generated eight million refugees, and hurt global food and energy supplies in countries far away from the war zone.
"As I said from day one, Russia's attack on Ukraine challenges the cornerstone principles and values of our multilateral system," he said.
"While prospects may look bleak today, we know that genuine, lasting peace must be based on the UN Charter and international law. The longer the fighting continues, the more difficult this work will be," he said.
With the new resolution, Kyiv hopes to garner the support of at least as many nations as in October, when 143 countries voted to condemn Russia's declared annexation of several Ukrainian territories.
China, India and more than 30 other countries have abstained during previous UN votes in support of Ukraine.
Ahead of the vote, Ukrainian Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba told delegates that they faced a "decisive moment".
"Never in recent history has the line between good and evil been so clear. One country merely wants to live. The other wants to kill and destroy," he said.
As the debate opened, Russia's UN envoy Vasily Nebenzya called Ukraine "neo-Nazi" and accused the West of sacrificing the country and the developing world in their desire to beat Russia.
"They are ready to plunge the entire world into the abyss of war," Mr Nebenzya said, adding that the United States and its allies wanted to shore up their own "hegemony".
"They don't want to have anyone come to the level of governing the planet. They think it's their turf," he said.
But European Union foreign policy chief Josep Borrell rejected that.
"I want to stress it: this war is not a 'European issue'. Nor is it about 'the West versus Russia'," Mr Borrell told the General Assembly.
"No, this illegal war concerns everyone: the North, the South, the East and the West," he said.
The US envoy to the UN, Linda Thomas-Greenfield, said the new vote "would go down in history ... We will see where the nations of the world stand on the matter of peace in Ukraine".
"I urge you to vote against - against any and all hostile amendments that seek to undermine the UN Charter and ignore the truth of this war," she said.
Ahead of the General Assembly session, Ukraine's first lady told a meeting of top global diplomats that for real justice to be served, an international tribunal should be convened to judge Russia.
"I think you will agree... regardless of our country or nationality, we have the right not to be killed in our own homes," Olena Zelenska said via video link.
"However, Ukrainians are being killed in front of the whole world for the whole year in their own cities, villages, apartments, hospitals, theatres."
"That's why we call on the United Nations to establish a special tribunal for the crimes of Russian aggression," she said.
