UN chief Antonio Guterres has urged rich countries to tax windfall profits of fossil fuel companies and use that money to help countries harmed by the climate crisis and people who are struggling with rising food and energy prices.
The war in Ukraine, a looming food crisis and combatting climate change are the big issues confronting the international community.
Addressing world leaders at the 193-member UN General Assembly, the climate activist secretary-general stepped up his attacks on oil and gas companies, which have seen their profits explode by tens of billions of dollars.
"The fossil fuel industry is feasting on hundreds of billions of dollars in subsidies and windfall profits while household budgets shrink and our planet burns," he said.
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While Mr Guterres again urged developed countries to tax the fossil fuel windfall profits, this time he also recommended where the money should be spent.
"Those funds should be redirected in two ways: to countries suffering loss and damage caused by the climate crisis; and to people struggling with rising food and energy prices," he told the annual gathering of world leaders in New York.
"Polluters must pay," Mr Guterres said.
He also said multilateral development banks "must step up and deliver" and that helping poor countries adapt to worsening climate shocks "must make up half of all climate finance."
Mr Guterres added: "Major economies are their shareholders and must make it happen."
UN chief warns education becoming 'great divider'
Mr Guterres yesterday warned that unequal education was quickly dividing the planet, as he sought to keep development on the agenda ahead of a week of diplomacy focused on global crises.
The UN chief called a special summit on education a day before the annual General Assembly, although a number of key officials including US President Joe Biden delayed their arrivals in New York due to the funeral of Britain's Queen Elizabeth II.
"Education is in a deep crisis. Instead of being the great enabler, education is fast becoming the great divide," Mr Guterres told the summit.
He warned that the Covid-19 pandemic has had a devastating impact on learning, with poor students lacking technology at a particular disadvantage, and conflicts further disrupting schools.
Mr Guterres appealed to all countries to prioritise increasing spending per student even amid question marks over the global economy.
In a report earlier this month, the UN Development Programme said Covid has set back humanity's progress by five years.
Mr Guterres also called out Afghanistan's Taliban, who have deprived more than one million teenage girls of education since the Islamist militants returned to power in August 2021.
"I appeal to the authorities in Afghanistan: Lift all restrictions on girls' access to secondary education immediately," he said.
Addressing the summit, Somaya Faruqi, who was part of Afghanistan's celebrated girl's robotics team, said the Taliban are "slowly erasing our existence in society".
"Thousands of girls may never return back to school. Many have been married off. The promises of reopening schools came and went," she said.
Appealing to world leaders, she said, "You must not forget those who are left behind, those not lucky enough to be at school."
"Show your solidarity with me and millions of Afghan girls."
Diplomacy on Ukraine, Iran
World leaders are required to show up for the assembly if they wish to speak.
The General Assembly voted to make just one exception - for Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky, who is leading resistance to a Russian invasion.
Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov headed to New York for the summit, where he heard an appeal yesterday from his French counterpart, Catherine Colonna, to allow a security zone outside the Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant, whose occupation by Moscow has raised mounting concerns.
In the type of last-minute diplomacy common at previous UN sessions, Secretary of State Antony Blinken convened a first meeting of the foreign ministers of Azerbaijan and Armenia since a flare-up in fighting.
Also high on the agenda for the UN week will be Iran, whose hardline president, Ebrahim Raisi, is traveling to the General Assembly for the first time.
In a US television interview ahead of his arrival, Mr Raisi said that Iran wanted "guarantees" before returning to a nuclear deal that former president Donald Trump trashed in 2018.
"We cannot trust the Americans because of the behaviour that we have already seen from them. That is why if there is no guarantee, there is no trust," he told the 60 Minutes programme on CBS News.
Mr Biden supports a return to the 2015 agreement, under which Iran drastically scaled back nuclear work in return for promises of sanctions relief.
But the Biden administration says it is impossible in the US system to promise what a future president would do.
Ms Colonna said French President Emmanuel Macron may meet Mr Raisi in hopes of making progress.
But she warned; "There is no better offer for Iran."
"It's up to them to make a decision."
Mr Raisi can expect to be dogged by protests during his visit including by exile groups that have called for his arrest over mass executions of opponents a decade after the 1979 Islamic revolution.
