A teenager who used "extreme violence" in kicking a defenceless man to death has been sentenced to life detention with a review after eight years.
The 17-year-old, who cannot be named as he is a minor, will come before the Central Criminal Court again in June 2028 when a judge will use probation and education reports and psychological assessments to review his progress and decide whether he can safely return to society.
The sentencing judge said a "significant effort" will be required from State agencies to give hope of rehabilitation, as reports before the court indicate that the boy is at a high risk of violent reoffending.
The court previously heard that the boy had experienced "17 years of neglect", cannot articulate the loss, loneliness or rejections he has experienced and that "the only expressive language available to him appears to be anger."
The accused pleaded guilty earlier this year to the murder of Romanian national Claudio Robu, 39, on a laneway off Madison Road, South Circular Road, Dublin 8 on 14 September 2020.
The accused was 16 at the time of the murder.
Passing sentence, Mr Justice Paul McDermott said the youth had a "high degree of moral culpability" and knew what he was doing when he kicked Mr Robu to death.
The judge said it is "disturbing" that he assaulted his victim and then returned some hours later to continue the fatal attack after he had time to withdraw and think about what he had done.
He had used "extreme violence," the judge said, and although he did not use a weapon there was "ferocity and intent in his actions."
Mr Justice McDermott said there were "very concerning elements" to the case, including that the accused is a "volatile young man who is prone to anger and capable of great violence."
He noted mitigating factors including the boy's age, guilty plea and acceptance of moral responsibility.
He has also shown, the judge said, "a degree of remorse", and while a lack of empathy has been noted in psychological assessments before the court, Mr Justice McDermott said that is due to the teenager's "lack of emotional development".
The judge also noted the teenager's difficult upbringing in which he witnessed and experienced violence and was abandoned as a child and left in the care of his stepfather, with whom he had a difficult relationship.
He also noted the teenager had made significant efforts while in Oberstown Detention Centre and has achieved "some degree of progress in respect of his drug and alcohol abuse."
The Central Criminal Court judge who reviews the case in 2028 will have the benefit of psychological assessments and probation and education reports that will be submitted to the court registrar every two years.
Addressing Mr Robu's family, Mr Justice McDermott said the murder had "caused enormous damage and hurt and loss and that is something that cannot be appreciated fully, except by those who suffer as a consequence of this offence."
He said the sentence will be of little comfort to those who have suffered the loss of a loved one.
At a sentencing hearing earlier this year, Brendan Grehan SC for the teenager said that his client's father died when he was young.
His mother later left him with his stepfather but the boy was taken into care months before the murder when his stepfather was charged with assaulting him, causing him harm.
He then stayed at a number of foster homes before going to a care facility for young people in Dublin weeks before the fatal attack on Mr Robu.
Mr Grehan said a mental health report submitted to the court said his client is "unable to use language to express his emotions and can't identify or articulate the multitude of emotions he has suppressed over 17 years of neglect."
The report further states that he had no appropriate parenting relationships, had not had the benefit of a nurturing environment and came from an "abusive home".
"He cannot articulate the loss or loneliness or rejections he has experienced, the only expressive language available to him appears to be anger."
The report said the teenager had described how he would, "keep everything inside and then explode when he is pushed to his limit."
The court heard that Mr Robu's family all live outside Ireland.
They wrote a joint impact statement in which Mr Robu's brother Emmanuel said he left Ireland after his brother's murder because he was "traumatised and afraid".
He said that when he summoned the courage to call his mother and tell her Claudio was dead she "suffered shock leading to depression and emotional distress."
She goes to the cemetery every day, he said, and cries: "Why didn't I get to see you one more time so I could say goodbye?"
Mr Grehan said his client has had great difficulty in accepting what he did and "the manner in which he did it."
He read out an apology penned by the teenager in which he said he is "sorry for what I have done."
He said he knows what it is like to lose someone in your family and understands what the Robu family is going through.
He added: "I feel guilt for what I have done that will stay with me for the rest of my life."
He said his time in custody has given him time to "think about my behaviour and change."
He is, Mr Grehan said, "incredulous he could cause so much harm" and accepts that he identified Mr Robu as someone he could steal from and without provocation, beat him and took his mobile phone.
Since going to Oberstown his unit manager has noted "significant and positive changes" since last December.
Reports drawn up for the court suggest he is "more calm and measured" and is willing and motivated to receive professional support.
