The European Union has announced a plan to set up a travel certificate to help restore freedom of movement within the bloc for citizens inoculated against the coronavirus.
The certificate will show "whether the person has either been vaccinated, or has a recent negative test, or has recovered from Covid, and thus has antibodies," said Commission President Ursula von der Leyen.
"With this digital certificate we aim to help member states reinstate the freedom of movement in a safe, responsible and trusted manner."
The certificate is intended to help revive the EU's multi-billion tourism and leisure industries that have been devastated by the pandemic.
It would collate information on vaccinations, tests and Covid recovery to let travellers cross borders freely again after a year of curbs that have left beaches and famous landmarks deserted.
The 27-member EU's executive will also put forward an option to allow in outsiders with proof of vaccination, including those inoculated with Russian, Chinese or other non-Western doses.
But with the number of EU Covid-related deaths above 550,000 and less than a tenth of the population inoculated, countries including France, Belgium and Germany fear discrimination.
Others said tests or quarantine might still be necessary.
EU countries will be under pressure to agree a common position swiftly for their 450m people.
The task is complicated, however, by uncertainty over whether those inoculated can still transmit the virus, a sluggish vaccine roll-out and some public scepticism about the campaign.
"The EU has to prevent making the same mistakes it made at the start of the pandemic, to make sure we have a united approach, instead of 27 different ones," said Jeroen Lenaers, a Dutch EU politician with the largest, centre-right faction.
From fights over protective equipment and drugs to disjointed travel restrictions, the EU has often struggled to keep a united front in fighting the pandemic.
Differences may re-emerge when national leaders discuss the latest ideas next week at a virtual summit.
Proponents of the idea hope it would win final endorsements in June and go online just in time for the peak season.
The head of the European People's Party parliamentary group, Manfred Weber, welcomed the certificates idea, but said they should only recognise vaccines approved by the relevant EU body, the European Medicines Agency (EMA).
It has so far only mandated Western-made vaccines.
"Health and safety concerns cannot be ignored in a political bargain over access to the freedom of movement in Europe," Mr Weber said.
The stakes could not be higher for Europe's ailing tourism industry, where thousands of jobs have been shed as business closed around the continent.
"We won't all be vaccinated by the summer ... so we have to also include a test strategy for people to still be able to travel," said Aage Duenhaupt, a communications expert with TUIFly, part of the world's biggest holiday company.
"Vaccinating and testing is the way we can make summer holidays happen."
