The United States is to take "unprecedented actions" to ensure the supply of strategic minerals and rare earths critical to the tech sector and the military.
It follows the publication of a US Commerce Department report, which designates 35 minerals as "critical to economic and national security".
The minerals include uranium, titanium, and rare earth elements, needed for smart phones, computers, aircraft, GPS and other uses.
As the trade conflict with China has escalated, Beijing has dangled a threat of cutting exports of rare earths as a counter-strike to US tariffs.
"If China or Russia were to stop exports to the United States and its allies for a prolonged period - similar to China's rare earths embargo in 2010 - an extended supply disruption could cause significant shocks throughout US and foreign critical mineral supply chains," the report said.
The report includes 61 specific recommendations to boost domestic production of minerals essential for the manufacture of mobile phones and a host of other consumer goods, as well as key weapons systems.
It calls for a combination of short-term measures, such as stockpiling, and longer-term moves to catalyse exploration, design and construction of new mines, as well as re-establishing domestic downstream manufacturing supply chains.
It also calls for closer cooperation with key allies such as Japan, Australia and the European Union, and directed reviews of government permitting processes to speed up domestic mining.
US reliance on foreign minerals has worried US officials since 2010, when China embargoed exports of so-called rare earth minerals to Japan during a diplomatic row.
The issue took on new urgency in recent weeks after Chinese officials suggested rare earths and other critical minerals could be used as leverage in the trade war between the US and China.
