"Women are often surprised to learn that oral health changes can be common during menopause due to hormonal shifts, says Dr Jennifer Collins, clinical director at Dental Care Ireland.
"A drop in oestrogen levels can lead to symptoms such as dry mouth, sensitivity, or burning mouth syndrome, while also increasing the risk of gum disease. Since oestrogen plays a role in maintaining bone density and strength, the jawbone can be impacted, sometimes resulting in loose teeth and even tooth loss. Taking proactive steps to look after your oral health is essential during this transition."
Here are some of the ways menopause impacts your mouth:
Persistent dryness
One of the most common menopause symptoms is dry mouth, or xerostomia, which occurs when saliva production decreases. This can lead to a sticky feeling on your tongue, difficulty swallowing, and an altered taste.
The lack of saliva also increases the risk of cavities and gum disease, as it plays a crucial role in neutralising acids and washing away food particles. If you experience persistent dryness, it is important to discuss it with your dentist, who can recommend saliva substitutes or special oral care products.
Burning or tingling sensations
"Burning mouth syndrome" causes women to experience a painful, tingling heat in the mouth, especially when eating acidic or spicy foods. It is another common complaint thought to be linked to hormonal changes during menopause, particularly a decrease in oestrogen.
The sensation can affect the tongue, gums, and roof of the mouth. To manage it, your dentist might suggest dietary adjustments, as well as using mild mouth rinses or medications to relieve the discomfort.
Inflamed and bleeding gums
Fluctuating hormones during menopause can cause your gums to become inflamed and more prone to bleeding, even with regular brushing and flossing. This increased sensitivity is due to the drop in oestrogen levels, which makes gum tissue more vulnerable.
If you notice your gums bleeding, it is vital to be gentle with your oral hygiene routine and schedule a visit to your dentist. Left untreated, it could lead to gum disease or more severe oral health issues.
Loose teeth or bone loss
Oestrogen helps maintain bone density, including in the jawbone. During menopause, a decrease in oestrogen can lead to bone thinning, which may cause your teeth to feel looser or shift. This bone loss can contribute to tooth instability over time. To support bone health, ensure you are consuming enough calcium and vitamin D, and visit your dentist regularly for check-ups to monitor any signs of bone loss.
Altered taste
Many women notice changes in their sense of taste during menopause. This can result in a metallic or bitter taste that can make eating and drinking less enjoyable. Though this is usually temporary, it can affect appetite and food choices. If your taste buds are changing, it is worth discussing with your healthcare provider to determine if the changes are related to menopause or other factors.
Oral Health Tips for Menopause:
Boost saliva production
- Sip water frequently throughout the day.
- Try chewing sugar-free gum.
- Use saliva substitutes or mouth sprays as recommended by your dentist.
Gentle, consistent oral hygiene
- Brush twice daily with a soft-bristled brush and fluoride toothpaste.
- Floss or use interdental brushes once a day to keep gums healthy.
- Consider an alcohol-free, therapeutic mouthwash to soothe sensitivity.
Balanced diet for bone and gum health
- Ensure adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, including milk, leafy greens, and fortified cereals.
- Limit sugary and acidic foods that exacerbate dry mouth.
- Include nutrient-rich foods to support bone density, such as dairy, oily fish and nuts.
Regular dental check-ups
- Schedule a dental examination every six months, or more often if you have existing gum issues.
- Alert your dentist to any new menopause symptoms in your mouth so that they can adjust your treatment plan.
Lifestyle and stress management
- Avoid smoking as it increases your chances of dry mouth and gum disease.
- Explore relaxation techniques such as yoga and meditation to help with stress-induced teeth grinding.
Dr Jennifer Collins is the clinical director at Dental Care Ireland, an Irish-owned network of 37 established dental practices nationwide. For further information, visit www.dentalcareireland.ie
