World Rugby have redoubled their efforts to crack down on head injuries in the sport by issuing a reminder to officials to show extra vigilance in the area.
A statement from the world governing body says that referees have been instructed to be strict regarding any "tackles, charges, strikes or kicks that make contact above the shoulder line and to favour firm sanctions for offenders, up to and including red cards for severe examples".
The emphasis has already been put in place for the November international fixtures, and all national coaches have been informed of the increased focus.
In the statement, match officials selection committee chairman Anthony Buchanan said: "World Rugby's number one priority is player welfare and the laws of the game clearly state that the necks and heads of players are sacrosanct.
"When it comes to foul play, the game is cleaner now than ever before but referees must constantly be alert to head-high hits.
"By taking this strong approach, we are saying to players that tackling an opponent above the shoulder line will not go unpunished.
"In addition, while striking or kicking an opponent is never acceptable, it is a more serious offence when it involves contact with the head or neck. Even ball-carriers must be careful that they fend off tacklers legally and do not strike opponents with forearms or elbows.
"While this specific directive is going out to match officials at the elite international grade, we are reminding all unions and referee societies at every level of rugby to take note and strictly enforce current law in this important area.”
