Toyota reported a drop in first-half vehicle sales after a series of production stoppages, falling behind Volkswagen, the world's top-selling carmaker in the first six months of 2016.
The Japanese company said its global sales slid 0.6% between January and June to 4.9 million vehicles.
Volkswagen delivered 5.1 million vehicles in the same period, a 1.5% rise.
Having been the world's best-selling automaker for four consecutive years through 2015, Toyota has suffered this year from a hit to Japanese production after an earthquake in April damaged a plant operated by a key supplier, halting production at many of its lines across the country for weeks.
Before that, production at domestic assembly plants ground to a halt for a week in February after an explosion at one of the automaker's steel suppliers led to a shortage of parts.
For the month of June, sales of Toyota vehicles, which include the Camry and Corolla sedans and the petrol hybrid Prius, fell 1.1% on the year to 881,000.
VW's sales have so far not taken a beating from its "dieselgate" scandal, sparked by its admission in September that it installed illegal software to mask toxic emissions on about11 million diesel vehicles worldwide.
While sales of its mass-market VW brand have suffered, this has been more than offset by strong demand for luxury Audi and Porsche models as well as Czech brand Skoda.
Europe's largest automaker said it expected full-year sales to come in slightly above last year's 9.93 million deliveries, as demand in China and Western Europe outweighs declines in the Americas and Russia.
Although the emissions scandal has tarnished its reputation and triggered a multitude of lawsuits, VW has maintained sales in part by offering incentives to buyers in the United States and other markets while it repositions its business by investing in electric cars and on-demand transport services.
General Motors, the largest US automaker, is third in global sales rankings, with six-month sales of 4.76 million vehicles, down 1.2% from a year earlier.
