Japan's economy plunged back into recession in the first three months of the year, contracting sharply on the impact of the nation's biggest recorded earthquake, a tsunami and a nuclear crisis.
The economy shrank by a much worse than expected 3.7% year on year, marking the second consecutive quarter of contraction, which economists define as a technical recession.
In the aftermath of the disasters, output saw its biggest ever fall and spending plunged while consumer and business confidence took a tumble. Consumers have held off spending on non-essentials such as entertainment and travel.
Many analysts see the downturn getting worse in the second quarter, as nationwide supply chain problems in the wake of the quake continue to disrupt production and the threat of power supply disruption prevails.
The fall in annualised gross domestic product was nearly double the 2% drop forecast by analysts and was the first successive contraction since the global financial crisis.
'The Japanese economy is expected to remain weak for the time-being,' Economy Minister Kauro Yosano told reporters, adding that a third contraction in a row in the months from April to June was likely.
However, he stressed Japan's plight was temporary given the difference between the impact of the earthquake and the financial crisis, which sapped overseas demand.
Japan's economy contracted for four quarters in a row during the downturn and remains mired in deflation as falling prices encourage consumers to hold off purchases.
'The situation is totally different from the time in the wake of Lehman Brothers' collapse. The Japanese economy is seen to be strong enough to show resilience,' he said, adding the decline 'is not due to sluggish overseas demand'.
Yosano said he expected Japan to grow nearly 1% in the current fiscal year.
The January to March contraction was the worst slippage since a record 18.3% tumble in the first quarter of 2009. Private consumption, which accounts for nearly two-thirds of the economy, was down 0.6%.
Japan adopted a mentality of self-restraint in the aftermath of the disasters, which is slowly easing. Data earlier this week showed consumer sentiment plunging by its steepest measure on record in April. Gross domestic product fell 0.9% on a quarter-to-quarter basis.
The 9.0 magnitude earthquake and a devastating tsunami has left around 25,000 dead or missing, and with a subsequent emergency at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant it plunged Japan into its worst post-war crisis.
Many of Japan's biggest companies saw profits tumble in the quarter and have been unable to offer forecasts due to the scale of the disaster's impact on production and sales.
The likes of Sony and Toyota were forced to halt production. Many component manufacturers are based in the worst-hit regions of Japan, their facilities damaged by the earthquake or inundated by the giant wave that followed.
While fears of an electricity supply-demand imbalance going into the summer months have eased slightly, the situation remains volatile, analysts warn.
Before the disasters, analysts had predicted that the nation's economy would return to growth in the first quarter on rising overseas demand. Having gone into recession, analysts say that the economy should start to grow again in the third quarter as initial earthquake-related disruption is overcome and reconstruction spending starts to boost the official figures.
An early government estimate put the rebuild cost at 16-25 trillion yen ($195-$300 billion) over the next three fiscal years, not accounting for wider issues such as the unresolved crisis at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant.
Analysts say the rebuild cost will further pressure a public debt that at around 200% of GDP is the industrialised world's largest.
