A report by the Irish Management Institute has called for measures to improve management standards in Irish companies.
Its report, called 'Closing the Gap', says the lowest scores for management standards in Ireland are generally in small and medium-sized businesses.
It quotes research which estimates that bringing management in these companies up to the average Irish scores could benefit the economy by €2 billion a year.
The report recommends targeted funding for small companies for management development training and a national mentoring system for small firms. It also calls for managers to be given incentives, such as shares, to improve their performance.