NBRU members at Dublin Bus and Bus Eireann will be balloted for industrial action in response to plans by both companies to cut jobs and services.
Last month, Dublin Bus and Bus Eireann announced that 600 jobs were to be lost and 270 vehicles removed from their fleets as part of cost-cutting measures. The new arrangements are due to come into effect in March.
The ballot will be held from Thursday February 5 until Monday February 16.
NBRU General Secretary Michael Faherty said that the ballot was necessary to ensure the union had a mandate for industrial action so that it could act quickly if the company kept to its proposed timetable.
He added that both companies had been informed by the NBRU that it would not engage in any negotiations on their respective cost-cutting plans until a voluntary severance package was offered to staff on a seniority basis.