Thousands of people gathered outside a small NATO base in Badakhshan province after morning prayers for Eid, which marks the end of the Ramadan.
They threw rocks at the gate, burned a US flag and shouted anti-US slogans, police said.
Eight people were injured in what was the third and biggest demonstration in Afghanistan since the book-burning plan became public.
Aqa Mohammad Kintoz, provincial police chief, said a total of eight people - four demonstrators and four police officers - had been injured. Earlier reports that one protestor has been killed were incorrect.
President Hamid Karzai used his Eid message to the nation to condemn the plan by the Dove World Outreach Centre in Florida.
He called on Pastor Terry Jones, leader of the tiny church, to 'not even think' about burning Korans because 'it was an insult to (Muslim) nations.'
Mr Jones yesterday said he would cancel the event if a controversial proposed Islamic cultural centre near Ground Zero in New York was relocated.
In Kabul, clerics voiced their disgust at the plans, with one imam telling worshippers: 'Those who threaten to burn the Koran must know that they will set their own nations alight.'
Elsewhere in Afghanistan, worshippers spilled out of mosques and onto the streets to register their anger at the very notion of Koran burning.
Meanwhile, The Chair of the Irish Council of Imams, Hussein Halawa, has said that he hoped that the US pastor would not proceed with plans to burn copies of the Koran.
Hussein Halawa said that such action would be an act of terror and would lead to a violent retaliation.
US pastor Terry Jones, who has been condemned around the world for his threat to burn copies of the Koran tomorrow, has said his plan is now on hold.
The burning was due to coincide with the anniversary of the 11 September attacks.
Pastor Jones heads the tiny, little-known Dove World Outreach Center church based in Gainesville, Florida.
He had originally announced that he was cancelling the event.
However, he now says he was misled by a local Imam, Muhammad Musri, who had been acting as an intermediary in attempts to get the planned Islamic cultural centre near Ground Zero in New York relocated.
The imam behind the proposed centre and mosque said today he has no meeting planned with Jones.
'I am prepared to consider meeting with anyone who is seriously committed to pursuing peace. We have no such meeting planned at this time. Our plans for the community centre have not changed.
'With the solemn day of 11 September 11 upon us, I encourage everyone to take time for prayer and reflection,' Feisal Abdul Rauf said in a statement issued by his publicist.
Mr Jones has come under intense pressure from the Obama administration to withdraw his threat, including receiving a phone call from US Defence Secretary Robert Gates.
Meanwhile, the estranged daughter of the Florida pastor believes he has gone mad and needs help.
Emma Jones, who lives in Germany, told Spiegel Online she had e-mailed her father urging him to drop his plan to burn copies of the Islamic holy book, writing: 'Dad, leave it be!' He did not reply, she said.
