Mr Abbas also accused Israel of hampering peace efforts.
US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice heard the strong message after a second round of talks with Mr Abbas.
It emphasises that despite her four days in the Middle East the gaps between Israel and the Palestinians are still large.
Disagreement between Israel and the Palestinians on the content of the document being drawn up as a basis for the conference has been seen as a possible cause for delaying the summit.
The Palestinians want a detailed agreement and timeframe for implementing solutions to the thorniest issues in the conflict; the Israelis want a more vague document with core issues left until later and no timetable.
On Monday, Ms Rice dismissed suggestions the conference should be delayed, but mentioned December, as an alternative to the more frequently touted November, for the meeting in Annapolis, Maryland.
Violence continued today, when an Israeli soldier and a Palestinian militant were killed in Gaza after the Israeli military launched an incursion into the southern part of the territory controlled by Hamas.
